Streetlights are among a range of emerging threats to bee populations, research has suggested.
The study by academics at the University of Reading concluded artificial light from streetlamps reduced flower visits by nocturnal pollinators by 62%, and air pollution also affected their survival, reproduction and growth.
War zones and microplastics were among the 12 other key environmental threats facing bees, according to the report Emerging Threats and Opportunities for Conservation of Global Pollinators. The research team analysed 315 honey-bee colonies.
Professor Simon Potts, research professor in the Department of Sustainable Land Management at the university, and lead author on the report, told The Guardian newspaper: “Identifying new threats and finding ways to protect pollinators early is key to preventing further major declines.
“This is not just a conservation issue. Pollinators are central to our food systems, climate resilience and economic security. Protecting pollinators means protecting ourselves,” he added.
The report called for a number of measures to protect bees, including stronger laws limiting antibiotic pollution that harms bee health, and transitioning to electric vehicles to reduce air pollution affecting pollinators.
It also argued for the creation of more flower-rich habitats within solar parks, and the breeding of crops with enhanced pollen and nectar for better pollinator nutrition.
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